Breath and sweat used to detect trapped humans

ScienceDaily (Sep. 12, 2011) ? Molecules in their breath, sweat and skin have been used to detect humans in a simulation of a collapsed building, raising the prospect of portable sensors for use in real-life situations, such as the devastating aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and more recent disasters in New Zealand and Japan.

Published Sept. 12, in IOP Publishing's Journal of Breath Research, the study examined flumes of air to create a preliminary profile of molecules that could indicate human activity in a disaster zone, and it is notable for being the first of its kind to use human participants.

Over five days, in six-hour intervals, eight participants entered a simulator of a collapsed glass-clad reinforced-concrete building, which was designed, built and tested by the researchers from Loughborough University, National Technical University of Athens, University of Babe-Bolyai and University of Dortmund.

A variety of sensors, positioned throughout the simulator, rapidly detected carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) with high-sensitivity in the plumes of air that travelled through the constructed rubble, highlighting their effectiveness as potential indicators.

In addition to these molecules, a large number of volatile organic compounds were detected; acetone and isoprene being the most prominent potential markers.

Interestingly, there was a marked decrease in NH3 levels when the participants were asleep; a finding the researchers could not explain and will investigate further, along with the build-up of acetone with increasing food withdrawal and the presence of detectable molecules in urine.

When trapped within a void of a collapsed building, casualties release volatile metabolites -- products of the body's natural breakdown mechanisms -- through their breath, skin and other bodily fluids, which can have complicated interactions with the building materials. Furthermore, these interactions change with conditions such as humidity, heat, and wind strength and direction, making the detection process much more difficult.

By creating a simulator that closely mimicked a real-life scenario, as well as using human participants, the researchers provided the most comprehensive insight into the processes that occur within disaster sites, raising the prospect of more accurate portable detection systems in the future.

The simulator itself was composed of three separate sections: the environmental section, which maintained the air flow, humidity and temperature; the void section, in which the participant was laid down; and the collapsed-building section, which was composed of densely packed building materials.

The researchers emphasised that the most important element of the study was the provision of safe and ethical experimental conditions for both the volunteers and research staff.

Co-author of the study, Professor Paul Thomas of Loughborough University, said, "This is the first scientific study on sensing systems that could detect trapped people. The development of a portable detection device based on metabolites of breath, sweat and skin could hold several advantages over current techniques.

"A device could be used in the field without laboratory support. It could monitor signs of life for prolonged periods and be deployed in large numbers, as opposed to a handful of dogs working, at risk to themselves and their handlers, for 20 minutes before needing extensive rest."

An Institute of Physics spokesperson said, "As the first study of its kind, this preliminary work can be built upon to help prepare for future disasters such as those tragedies we've seen recently in Japan and New Zealand."

"The trapped human experiment" was performed under the EC FP7 project "Second Generation Locator for Urban Search and Rescue" Operations.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Institute of Physics, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Journal Reference:

  1. R Huo, A Agapiou, V Bocos-Bintintan, L J Brown, C Burns, C S Creaser, N A Devenport, B Gao-Lau, C Guallar-Hoyas, L Hildebrand, A Malkar, H J Martin, V H Moll, P Patel, A Ratiu, J C Reynolds, S Sielemann, R Slodzynski, M Statheropoulos, M A Turner, W Vautz, V E Wright, C L P Thomas. The trapped human experiment. Journal of Breath Research, 2011; 5: 046006 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/4/046006

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110912075700.htm

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Comedian Eddie Griffin Weds Nia Rivers In Las Vegas

Comedian Eddie Griffin Weds Nia Rivers In Las Vegas

Comedian Eddie Griffin has tied the knot with Nia Rivers on Thursday in Las Vegas! The “Undercover Brother” actor married fiance Nia Rivers in Las [...]

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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/stupidcelebrities/~3/CHKCfi7EhLg/

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Report: Top college athletes worth 6 figures (AP)

WASHINGTON ? A new report from an advocacy group says that the average fair market value of top-tier college football and men's basketball players is over $100,000 ? and the athletes are entitled to at least a portion of that.

The report says that, instead, players receive athletic scholarships that don't cover the full cost of attending school ? leaving many of them living below the poverty line.

The report is by the National College Players Association and a Drexel University professor. It will be released Tuesday but The Associated Press obtained an early copy.

The NCAA said in a statement Monday that President Mark Emmert and college presidents have made it clear they support grants that cover the full cost of attending school, though Emmert opposes paying college athletes.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/sports/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110912/ap_on_sp_co_ne/fbc_paying_players

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San Francisco, CA Homes & Condos For Sale ? 94122 Zipcode ...

Listing information deemed reliable but not guaranteed

Listings on this page identified as belonging to another listing firm are based upon data obtained from the SFAR MLS, which data is copyrighted by the San Francisco Association of REALTORS?, but is not warranted.

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Source: http://www.sanfrancisco-houses.com/san-francisco-ca-homes-condos-lofts-highrises-condominiums-tics-property-real-estate-for-sale-9412-zipcode

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My American Farm Site Expands With New Game | Fill Your Plate Blog

As far as professions are concerned, farming and ranching are among the most challenging. A new interactive online game offered by the American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture, ?The Ultimate Challenge,? delivers key lessons about agriculture while providing a fun gaming experience.

The Ultimate Challenge is the newest addition to the foundation?s ?My American Farm? free online educational gaming platform. Sponsored by?Pioneer Hi-Bred, a DuPont business, My American Farm has been growing in popularity since its launch in January of this year.

To play The Ultimate Challenge game, students select a ?farmer? avatar and take on the challenge of building a virtual farm as they play each of the games on My American Farm. However, in true board-game fashion, players will also experience several ?curve ball? and ?quick challenges? that provide important information about the impact America?s 2.2 million farms and ranches have on their daily lives.

?The Ultimate Challenge gives students an opportunity to see and experience the story of agriculture from gate to plate,? said Curtis Miller, director of education for the foundation. ?Further, it does so while sharing accurate and up-to-date messages about agriculture.?

To find The Ultimate Challenge and take advantage of other My American Farm resources, games and activities, visitwww.myamericanfarm.org.

My American Farm is supported by a generous donation from title sponsor Pioneer Hi-Bred, a DuPont business. Three years ago, Pioneer pledged $500,000 to support the development of the game.? An additional $35,000 pledge was recently made to support the development of a mobile kiosk version of the game and grants to support the mobile kiosk?s use. This donation reflects the company?s recently announced commitment to focus on meeting four emerging global trends, one of which is increasing food production.

Pioneer Hi-Bred, a DuPont business headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa, is the world?s leading developer and supplier of advanced plant genetics, providing high-quality seeds to farmers in more than 90 countries. Pioneer provides agronomic support and services to help increase farmer productivity and profitability and strives to develop sustainable agricultural systems for people everywhere. Science with Service Delivering Success?.

The American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture is the 501(C)(3) affiliate of the American Farm Bureau Federation. The foundation fulfills a mission of building awareness, understanding and a positive public perception about agriculture through education.

Editor?s Note: This information was received via press release dated August 18, 2011.

?

Source: http://fillyourplate.org/blog/my-american-farm-site-expands-with-new-game/

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Bad Credit Finance Loans An Insight | welcome to sapocean.com

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Bowling and Best Bowling Player Shalin Zulkifli ... - World's Most Sport

Bowling and Best Bowling Player Shalin Zulkifli

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Bowling, Best Bowling Player Shalin Zulkifli?

Shalin Zulkifli

Shalin Zulkifli (born 28 Mac 1978 in London, England) was a professional bowler 10 pins as a nation of Malaysia and former Number 1 Asia. He has competed and won various national and between nations kejohanan, and several times in kerjaya he held the position of? 1 bowling 10 pin professional players in Malaysia and Asia.

Shalin was born in North Islington, and spent his childhood days in Kuala Lumpur. He first bowling when she was 9 years old and accompanying troops nationality bowling in the late 1980s.? In 1991 he held the Young sportswoman Hope Selangor, and in 1994 became the youngest player and the people of the first Malaysian to win the Kent Malaysian Women Kejohanan All -Stars.

Shalin holds a diploma in Sports Science who specializes in Sports and Exercise Psychology. Today, he owns and control a 10 pin bowling rink at The Curve, Mutiara Damansara.

Bowling

Is actually an old bowling including sports, that is known about 7000 years ago by proving the experts who found in old tombs of Ancient Egypt. Throw threw game is also found in the Roman era, Phunicia and Carthage, but the evidence is not yet available. But certainly will in 1950 BC, when Julius Caesar came to power, the people in the Alpine region, Italy infatuated play what is called "bocce". Many names to mention that game later, Bowls Skittles, Nine Kegling Pin, Pin and Quilles Dutch. Based on the record, the first German to play bowling is associated with religious ceremonies. makdsudnya Kegle is likened to Satan. People are welcome to use a rock or some kind of balls that were on Kegle, if all the collapsed mean clean life.

14th century, famous Bowling game in England. Despite the challenges, and even King Edward III passed laws to stop the game, but could not prevent. Year 1455 which was originally only performed in the field headed for the stadium under the roof. In Ireland, Scotland and in 1600 - came to prominence in America's brought by the people - the Dutch, even in 1895 formed the American Bowling organizations (American Bowling Congress) and sports enthusiasts are now about 10 million people. Advances in technology brought a big change from the United States spread to continental Europe and in 1960 - entered the continent of Asia as Japan, Philippina, Thailand, Singapore and in 1970 in Jakarta.

Bowling, the original name of popular sport that started in Indonesia in 1970 is. In 1983 introduced the term in the Indonesian language by the name of Bowling, which is an abbreviation of the ball rolling by Minister of Tourism, Post and Telecommunications Achmad Tahir when he became chairman of the committee inter-club championship fight Bowling trophy of President Suharto.

When economic growth in Indonesia has become steady, at Hotel Crowne Plaza in 1970, exactly in August opened a sports center with 16 lanes Bowling (lines), machine-made Brunswick. In a very short time, these types of games attract many enthusiasts from all walks of employers, employees, armed forces, students, student, film star and mother-housewife. Starting from the passions relax their terms veins, relax and spend leisure time, but eventually it occurred to menadu intelligence among each other. appear competition, also arises the desire to join in a group. Appear names Bowling sports associations such as: The Metropolitan Commercial, Blessing, Th. Cutter, Free Lance, Alexander, Amore Club, The Step, Aki Beard, Tjendana and Biangos. Birth of the various clubs to inspire the establishment of an umbrella organization, which could oversee the development of the club and think about the progress of this sport with a forward thinking, if bowling spread across Indonesia, if pebowling Indonesia would join the competition abroad, would require a container.

So on the initiative of M. A. Suganda of the Metropolitan Bowling association with M. Q. Amirudin, invited all clubs to discuss the formation of the container. Precisely dated October 6, 1970, the club were present agreed to establish an umbrella organization named the Union Bowling abbreviated PBI Indonesia. JBC - Jakarta Bowling Center.

Source: http://allaboutsportnew.blogspot.com/2011/09/bowling-and-best-bowling-player-shalin.html

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